Impact of pesticide tolerant soil bacteria on disease control, plant growth promotion and systemic resistance in cowpea
Abstract
Cowpea, an annual legume, suffers from several disease symptoms caused by Macrophomina phaseolina. Rhizobacteria isolated from pesticide infested soil, identified by blast analysis as Bacillus cereus, Bacillus safensis, Pseudomonas donghuensis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ascertained tolerant to at least 0.1% pesticides viz. methomyl, imidacloprid and carbendazim. In vitro antagonism against pathogen exhibited maximum by P. aeruginosa 63%. All rhizobacteria were bestowed with attributes responsible for pathogen control and plant growth promotion. Field evaluation resulted highest 75% disease control, enhancement of length, nodule counts, biomass or yield per plant by P. aeruginosa. All rhizobacteria induced systemic resistance in cowpea under challenged inoculation with pathogen by augmenting defensive enzyme production. Highest Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase activity was expressed in P. aeruginosa treated plants 1.02 μMoles/ml/min, Polyphenol Oxidase by P. donghuensis 1.39 μMoles/ml/min, Chitinase by B. cereus 0.745 μMoles/ml/min and 400 percent relative activity of Peroxidase by P. aeruginosa. The rhizobacteria were prospective for plant disease control, growth promotion and as immunity boosters in pesticide and heavy metal infested toxic environment.
Keyword : soil contamination, pesticide tolerant rhizobacteria, disease control, plant growth, systemic resistance
How to Cite
Bandopadhyay, A., Roy, T., & Das, N. (2021). Impact of pesticide tolerant soil bacteria on disease control, plant growth promotion and systemic resistance in cowpea. Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management, 29(4), 430–440. https://doi.org/10.3846/jeelm.2021.14429
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
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Jiang, Y., Sheng, X. F., Qian, M., & Wang, Q. Y. (2008). Isolation and characterization of a heavy metal-resistant Burkholderia sp. from heavy metal-contaminated paddy field soil and its potential in promoting plant growth and heavy metal accumulation in metal-polluted soil. Chemosphere, 72(2), 157–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.02.006
Johnson, L. F., & Curl, E. A. (1972). Methods for research on the ecology of soil-borne plant pathogens. Burgess Publishing Company.
Karthikeyan, M., Bhaskaran, R., Radhika, K., Mathiyazhagan, S., Jayakumar, V., Sandosskumar, R., & Velazhahan, R. (2005). Endophytic Pseudomonas fluorescens Endo2 and Endo35 induce resistance in black gram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) to the pathogen Macrophomina phaseolina. Journal of Plant Interactions, 1(3), 135–143. https://doi.org/10.1080/17429140600997309
Khan, A. L., Halo, B. A., Elyassi, A., Ali, S., A-Hosni, K., Hussain, J., Al-Harrasi, A., & Lee, I. J. (2016). Indole acetic acid and ACC deaminase from endophytic bacteria improves the growth of Solannum lycopersicum. Electronic Journal of Biotechnology, 21, 58–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2016.02.001
Khan, M. S., Zaidi, A., Wani, P. A., & Oves, M. (2009). Role of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in theremediation of metal contaminated soils. Environmental Chemistry Letters, 7, 119. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-008-0155-0
Kloepper, J. W. (1993). Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria as biological control agents. In F. B. Metting Jr. (Ed.), Soil microbial ecology (pp. 225–274). Marcel Dekker, Inc.
Kloepper, J. W., Ryu, C. M., & Zhang, S. (2004). Induced systemic resistance and promotion of plant growth by Bacillus sp. Phytopathology, 94(11), 1259–1266. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO.2004.94.11.1259
Liu, K., Newman, M., McInroy, J. A., Hu, C. H., & Kloepper, J. W. (2017). Selection and assessment of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) for biological control of multiple plant diseases. Phytopathology, 107(8), 928–936. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-02-17-0051-R
Lyu, D., Backer, R., Robinson, W. G., & Smith, D. L. (2019). Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria for cannabis production: Yield, cannabinoid profile and disease resistance. Frontiers in Microbiology, 10, 1761. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.01761
Muller, T., Ruppel, S., Behrendt, U., Lentzsch, P., & Muller, M. E. H. (2018). Antagonistic potential of fluorescent pseudomonads colonizing wheat heads against mycotoxin producing Alternaria and Fusaria. Frontiers in Microbiology, 9, 2124. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.02124
Niewiadomska, A., & Klama, J. (2005). Pesticide side effect on the symbiotic efficiency and nitrogenase activity of Rhizobiaceae bacteria family. Polish Journal of Microbiology, 54, 43–48.
Ngumbi, E., & Kloepper, J. (2016). Bacterial-mediated drought tolerance: Current and future prospects. Applied Soil Ecology, 105, 109–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2016.04.009
Perez-Garcia, A., Romero, D., & de Vicente, A. (2011). Plant protection and growth stimulation by microorganism: Biotechnological applications of Bacillus in agriculture. Current. Opinion in Biotechnology, 22(2), 187–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2010.12.003
Pütter, J. (1974). Peroxidases. In H. U. Bergmeyer (Ed.), Method of enzymatic analysis: Vol. 2 (2nd ed., pp. 685–690). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-091302-2.50033-5
Ricci, E., Schwinghamer, T., Fan, D., Smith, D. L., & Gravel, V. (2019). Growth promotion of greenhouse tomatoes with Pseudomonas sp. and Bacillus sp. biofilms and planktonic cells. Applied Soil Ecology, 138, 61–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2019.02.009
Roy, T., & Das, N. (2017). Isolation, characterization and identification of two methomyl degrading bacteria from a pesticide-treated crop field in West Bengal, India. Microbiology, 86, 753–764. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0026261717060145
Roy, T., Bandopahyay, A., Sonawane, P., Majumdar, S., Mahapatra, N., Alam, S., & Das, N. (2018). Bio-effective disease control and plant growth promotion in lentil by two pesticide degrading strains of Bacillus sp. Biological Control, 127, 55–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2018.08.018
Saikia, J., Sarma, R. K., Dhandia, R., Yadav, A., Bharali, R., Gupta, V. K., & Saikia, R. (2018). Alleviation of drought stress in pulse crops with ACC deaminase producing rhizobacteria isolated from acidic soil of Northeast India. Scientific Reports, 8, 3560. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-21921-w
Santoyo, G., Orozco-Mosqueda, M. D. C., & Govindappa, M. (2012). Mechanisms of biocontrol and plant growth-promoting activity in soil bacterial species of Bacillus and Pseudomonas: A review. Biocontrol Science and Technology, 22(8), 855–872. https://doi.org/10.1080/09583157.2012.694413
Sarat, N., & Barathi, S. (2013). Enrichment and isolation of endosulfan degrading microorganisms in cashew plantations of Kasargod district, Kerala. International Journal of ChemTech Research, 5(1), 06–14.
Shahgoli, H., & Ahangar, A. G. (2014). Factors controlling degradation of pesticides in the soil Environment: A review. Agriculture Science Developments, 3, 273–278.
Shahid, M., & Khan, M. S. (2017). Assessment of glyphosate and quizalofop mediated toxicity to greengram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek], stress abatement and growth promotion by herbicide tolerant Bradyrhizobium and Pseudomonas species. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 6(12), 3001–16. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.612.351
Singh, A. K., Bhatt, B. P., Sundaram, P. K., Kumar, S., Bahrati, R. C., Chandra, N. N., & Rai, M. (2012). Study of site specific nutrients management of cowpea seed production and their effect on soil nutrient status. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 4(10), 191–198. https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v4n10p191
Sobariu, D. L., Fertu, D. I. T., Diaconu, M., Pavel, L.V., Hlihor, R. M., Drãgoi, E. N., Curteanu, S., Lenz, M., Corvini, P. F.-X., & Gavrilescu, M. (2017). Rhizobacteria and plant symbiosis in heavy metal uptake and its implications for soil bioremediation. New Biotechnology, 39(Part A), 125–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbt.2016.09.002
Tiwari, A. K., & Shivhare, A. K. (2016). Pulses in India: Retrospect and prospects (Publication NoDPD/Pub.1/Vol. 2/2016). http://dpd.gov.in/Book%20Document%20on%20Pulses%20in%20India%20Retrospect%20&%20Prospects.pdf
Umamaheswari, C., Sankaralingam, A., & Nallathambi, P. (2009). Induced systemic resistance in watermelon by biocontrol agents against Alternaria alternata. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection, 42(12), 1187–1195. https://doi.org/10.1080/03235400701652383
Wu, M., Li, G., Chen, X., Liu, J., Liu, M., Jiang, Ch., & Li, Z. (2018). Rational dose of insecticide chlorantraniliprole displays a transient impact on the microbial metabolic functions and bacterial community in a silty-loam paddy soil. Science of the Total Environment, 616, 236–244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.012
Van Loon, L. C., Bakker, P. A. H. M., & Pieterse, C. M. J. (1998). Systemic resistance induced by rhizosphere bacteria. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 36, 453–448. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.phyto.36.1.453
Yan, Q., & Fong, S. S. (2015). Bacterial chitinase: Nature and perspectives for sustainable bioproduction. Bioresources and Bioprocessing, 2(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40643-015-0057-5
Ahlawat, I. P. S., & Shivakumar, B. G. (2005). Kharif pulses. In Dr. R. Prasad (Ed.), Textbook of field crops production. Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, India.
Akram, W., Anjum, T., Ali, B., & Ahmad, A. (2013). Screening of native Bacillus strains to induce systemic resistance in tomato plants against Fusarium wilt in split root system and its field applications. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 15(6), 1289‒1294.
Ambalavanan, S., & Selvaraj, T. (2013). Induction of defense related enzymes in anthurium by application of fungal and bacterial bio-control agents against Colletotricum gloeosporiodes. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2(12), 661–670.
Bandopadhyay, A., Bandopadhyay, A. K., Majumdar, M., & Samajpati, N. (2006). Evaluation of antagonistic potential of some rhizosphere fungi and PGPR against Macrophomina phaseolina inciting disease complex in jute. Journal of Basic and Applied Mycology, 5(1&II), 8286.
Bandopadhyay, A., Roy, T., & Das, N. (2018). Isolation of some soil bacteria showing potentiality for disease control, growth enhancement and pesticide degradation in Vigna unguiculata L. Plant Archives, 18 (Special Issue ICAAAS-2018), 7988.
Boeckx, T., Winters, A. L., Webb, K. J., & Kingston-Smith, A. H. (2015). Polyphenol oxidase in leaves: Is there any significance to the chloroplastic localization? Journal of Experimental Botany, 66(12), 3571–3579. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erv141
Bradford, M. M. (1976). A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Annals of Biochemistry, 72(1), 248–254. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3
Carvalho, F. P. (2017). Pesticides, environment, and food safety. Food and Energy Security, 6(2), 48–60. https://doi.org/10.1002/fes3.108
Castillo, J. M., Casas, J., & Romero, E. (2011). Isolation of an endosulfan degrading bacterium from a coffee farm soil: Persistence and inhibitory effect on its biological functions. Science of the Total Environment, 412, 20–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.09.062
Cavalier-Smith, T. (2005). Economy, speed and size matter: Evolutionary forces driving nuclear genome miniaturization and expansion. Annals of Botany, 95(1), 147–175. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mci010
Chevalier, A. (1964). Cowpea in Africa. Revue de Botonique Appliqucectd. Agriculture Tropicale, 24, 128.
Daayf, F., Schmitt, A., & Bélanger, R. R. (1997). Evidence of phytoalexins in cucumber leaves infected with powdery mildew following treatment with leaf extracts of Reynoutria sachalinensis. Plant Physiology, 113(3), 719–727. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.113.3.719
Davis, D. W., Oelke, E. A., Oplinger, E. S., Doll, J. D., Hanso, C. V., & Putnam, D. H. (2000). Alternative field crops\manual. https://hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/afcm/cowpea.html
Egamberdieva, D., Davranov, K., Wirth, S., Hashem, A., & Abd, E. A. (2017). Impact of soil salinity on the plant-growth– promoting and biological control abilities of root associated bacteria. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 24(7), 1601–1608. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.07.004
Fatima, S., & Anjum, T. (2017). Identification of a potential ISR determinant from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PM12 against Fusarium wilt in tomato. Frontiers in Plant Science, 8, 848. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.00848
Gulhane, P., Ashok, A., Gomashe, V., & Sneha, L. (2014). Optimization of bacitracin production from Bacillus licheniformis NCIM 2536. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 3(9), 819–829.
Heard, M. S., Baas, J., Dorne, J. L., J.-L., Lahive, E., Robinson, A. G., Rortais, A., Spurgeon, D. J., Svendsen, C., & Hesketh, H. (2017). Comparative toxicity of pesticides and environmental contaminants in bees: Are honey bees a useful proxy for wild bee species? Science of the Total Environment, 578, 357–365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.180
Ishige, F., Mori, H., Yamazaki, K. I., & Imaseki, H. (1993). Cloning of a complementary DNA that encodes an acidic chitinase which is induced by ethylene and expression of the corresponding gene. Plant and Cell Physiology, 34, 103–111.
Jiang, Y., Sheng, X. F., Qian, M., & Wang, Q. Y. (2008). Isolation and characterization of a heavy metal-resistant Burkholderia sp. from heavy metal-contaminated paddy field soil and its potential in promoting plant growth and heavy metal accumulation in metal-polluted soil. Chemosphere, 72(2), 157–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.02.006
Johnson, L. F., & Curl, E. A. (1972). Methods for research on the ecology of soil-borne plant pathogens. Burgess Publishing Company.
Karthikeyan, M., Bhaskaran, R., Radhika, K., Mathiyazhagan, S., Jayakumar, V., Sandosskumar, R., & Velazhahan, R. (2005). Endophytic Pseudomonas fluorescens Endo2 and Endo35 induce resistance in black gram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) to the pathogen Macrophomina phaseolina. Journal of Plant Interactions, 1(3), 135–143. https://doi.org/10.1080/17429140600997309
Khan, A. L., Halo, B. A., Elyassi, A., Ali, S., A-Hosni, K., Hussain, J., Al-Harrasi, A., & Lee, I. J. (2016). Indole acetic acid and ACC deaminase from endophytic bacteria improves the growth of Solannum lycopersicum. Electronic Journal of Biotechnology, 21, 58–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2016.02.001
Khan, M. S., Zaidi, A., Wani, P. A., & Oves, M. (2009). Role of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in theremediation of metal contaminated soils. Environmental Chemistry Letters, 7, 119. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-008-0155-0
Kloepper, J. W. (1993). Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria as biological control agents. In F. B. Metting Jr. (Ed.), Soil microbial ecology (pp. 225–274). Marcel Dekker, Inc.
Kloepper, J. W., Ryu, C. M., & Zhang, S. (2004). Induced systemic resistance and promotion of plant growth by Bacillus sp. Phytopathology, 94(11), 1259–1266. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO.2004.94.11.1259
Liu, K., Newman, M., McInroy, J. A., Hu, C. H., & Kloepper, J. W. (2017). Selection and assessment of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) for biological control of multiple plant diseases. Phytopathology, 107(8), 928–936. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-02-17-0051-R
Lyu, D., Backer, R., Robinson, W. G., & Smith, D. L. (2019). Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria for cannabis production: Yield, cannabinoid profile and disease resistance. Frontiers in Microbiology, 10, 1761. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.01761
Muller, T., Ruppel, S., Behrendt, U., Lentzsch, P., & Muller, M. E. H. (2018). Antagonistic potential of fluorescent pseudomonads colonizing wheat heads against mycotoxin producing Alternaria and Fusaria. Frontiers in Microbiology, 9, 2124. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.02124
Niewiadomska, A., & Klama, J. (2005). Pesticide side effect on the symbiotic efficiency and nitrogenase activity of Rhizobiaceae bacteria family. Polish Journal of Microbiology, 54, 43–48.
Ngumbi, E., & Kloepper, J. (2016). Bacterial-mediated drought tolerance: Current and future prospects. Applied Soil Ecology, 105, 109–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2016.04.009
Perez-Garcia, A., Romero, D., & de Vicente, A. (2011). Plant protection and growth stimulation by microorganism: Biotechnological applications of Bacillus in agriculture. Current. Opinion in Biotechnology, 22(2), 187–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2010.12.003
Pütter, J. (1974). Peroxidases. In H. U. Bergmeyer (Ed.), Method of enzymatic analysis: Vol. 2 (2nd ed., pp. 685–690). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-091302-2.50033-5
Ricci, E., Schwinghamer, T., Fan, D., Smith, D. L., & Gravel, V. (2019). Growth promotion of greenhouse tomatoes with Pseudomonas sp. and Bacillus sp. biofilms and planktonic cells. Applied Soil Ecology, 138, 61–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2019.02.009
Roy, T., & Das, N. (2017). Isolation, characterization and identification of two methomyl degrading bacteria from a pesticide-treated crop field in West Bengal, India. Microbiology, 86, 753–764. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0026261717060145
Roy, T., Bandopahyay, A., Sonawane, P., Majumdar, S., Mahapatra, N., Alam, S., & Das, N. (2018). Bio-effective disease control and plant growth promotion in lentil by two pesticide degrading strains of Bacillus sp. Biological Control, 127, 55–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2018.08.018
Saikia, J., Sarma, R. K., Dhandia, R., Yadav, A., Bharali, R., Gupta, V. K., & Saikia, R. (2018). Alleviation of drought stress in pulse crops with ACC deaminase producing rhizobacteria isolated from acidic soil of Northeast India. Scientific Reports, 8, 3560. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-21921-w
Santoyo, G., Orozco-Mosqueda, M. D. C., & Govindappa, M. (2012). Mechanisms of biocontrol and plant growth-promoting activity in soil bacterial species of Bacillus and Pseudomonas: A review. Biocontrol Science and Technology, 22(8), 855–872. https://doi.org/10.1080/09583157.2012.694413
Sarat, N., & Barathi, S. (2013). Enrichment and isolation of endosulfan degrading microorganisms in cashew plantations of Kasargod district, Kerala. International Journal of ChemTech Research, 5(1), 06–14.
Shahgoli, H., & Ahangar, A. G. (2014). Factors controlling degradation of pesticides in the soil Environment: A review. Agriculture Science Developments, 3, 273–278.
Shahid, M., & Khan, M. S. (2017). Assessment of glyphosate and quizalofop mediated toxicity to greengram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek], stress abatement and growth promotion by herbicide tolerant Bradyrhizobium and Pseudomonas species. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 6(12), 3001–16. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.612.351
Singh, A. K., Bhatt, B. P., Sundaram, P. K., Kumar, S., Bahrati, R. C., Chandra, N. N., & Rai, M. (2012). Study of site specific nutrients management of cowpea seed production and their effect on soil nutrient status. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 4(10), 191–198. https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v4n10p191
Sobariu, D. L., Fertu, D. I. T., Diaconu, M., Pavel, L.V., Hlihor, R. M., Drãgoi, E. N., Curteanu, S., Lenz, M., Corvini, P. F.-X., & Gavrilescu, M. (2017). Rhizobacteria and plant symbiosis in heavy metal uptake and its implications for soil bioremediation. New Biotechnology, 39(Part A), 125–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbt.2016.09.002
Tiwari, A. K., & Shivhare, A. K. (2016). Pulses in India: Retrospect and prospects (Publication NoDPD/Pub.1/Vol. 2/2016). http://dpd.gov.in/Book%20Document%20on%20Pulses%20in%20India%20Retrospect%20&%20Prospects.pdf
Umamaheswari, C., Sankaralingam, A., & Nallathambi, P. (2009). Induced systemic resistance in watermelon by biocontrol agents against Alternaria alternata. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection, 42(12), 1187–1195. https://doi.org/10.1080/03235400701652383
Wu, M., Li, G., Chen, X., Liu, J., Liu, M., Jiang, Ch., & Li, Z. (2018). Rational dose of insecticide chlorantraniliprole displays a transient impact on the microbial metabolic functions and bacterial community in a silty-loam paddy soil. Science of the Total Environment, 616, 236–244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.012
Van Loon, L. C., Bakker, P. A. H. M., & Pieterse, C. M. J. (1998). Systemic resistance induced by rhizosphere bacteria. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 36, 453–448. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.phyto.36.1.453
Yan, Q., & Fong, S. S. (2015). Bacterial chitinase: Nature and perspectives for sustainable bioproduction. Bioresources and Bioprocessing, 2(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40643-015-0057-5